Wireless Power Transfer Technologies: State-Of-The-Art and Future Prospects

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technologies represent a transformative approach to energy transmission, offering advantages over traditional wired systems such as convenience, flexibility, and reduced maintenance. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current advancements and future prospects in WPT. The review encompasses three primary technologies: electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance, and microwave transmission, each offering unique benefits and challenges. Recent developments have significantly enhanced WPT efficiency, extended transmission distances, and enabled integration with emerging technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) devices and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. Looking forward, the paper identifies several key research directions and challenges. These include improving efficiency through advanced materials and metamaterials, standardization efforts to promote interoperability and safety, and exploration of new applications such as wireless charging in smart cities and space-based applications. The potential impact of WPT on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enabling sustainable energy practices underscores its importance in future energy landscapes. By synthesizing current knowledge and highlighting future opportunities, this study aims to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers in accelerating the development and adoption of WPT technologies, paving the way for a moreefficient and interconnected energy ecosystem.