Asymmetrical CPW-Fed Meander Lines Patch Antenna for ISM/IMT/WiMAX, WLAN, WAIC, C-Band, and 6G Mid-Band Applications

This article examines the performance of a meander-line-based asymmetrical microstrip patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) in the presence of inefficient ground. The antenna's dimensions are 38 x 29.42 x 0.8 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>. The designed antenna operates across five distinct frequencies (2.87 GHz, 4.21 GHz, 5.30 GHz, 6.06 GHz, and 8.64 GHz) and exhibits a multiband application with the frequency range of 2.43 to 8.91 GHz. The 2.43 to 3.45 GHz band achieves a maximum return loss of -22 dB. The antenna's ground and radiating elements are composed of copper, while the substrate material is FR-4. The antenna simulation is carried out and reported in this study. Wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC) (4.30 GHz, 4.20−4.40 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.2 GHz, 5.15−5.35), C-Band (4−8 GHz), international mobile telecommunication (IMT) (2.8 GHz, 2.70−2.90 GHz), industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) (2.4 GHz, 2.40−2.48 GHz), and 6G mid-band (7−20GHz) are among the suitable applications of the developed antenna. Analyzing return loss, impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, and gain allowed for the determination of the antenna's performance. The |S11| port reflection coefficient parameter, which was used to test return loss, was determined to be ≤ -10 dB.