Research on the Propagation Mechanism of Fault Components in Distribution Networks and Its Impact on Power Quality

When a fault occurs in a distribution network, the propagation of fault components can affect the power quality of non-fault lines, leading to deviations in voltage, voltage fluctuations, imbalance, and harmonic content, all of which may exceed the standard limits. Reports of abnormal operation of non-fault load lines due to fault component propagation are common, with phenomena of propagation across different voltage levels also observed. To address the challenge of quantitatively evaluating fault component propagation in distribution networks, this paper proposes models for the propagation of steady-state and transient fault components under various fault conditions, and the effectiveness of these models is validated through simulation. The results show that, in the case of low-voltage distribution faults, not only will non-faulted loads on the same busbar be impacted by power quality degradation, but high-voltage distribution lines may also be affected to varying degrees.