Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents: Excessive Consumption of Carbohydrates and Low Fiber Intake

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the eating habits of children and adolescents in order to analyze the consumption of macronutrients and its relationship with the biological sex of the participants. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics and the food pyramid model, which establishes healthy nutritional standards during childhood and adolescence. Method: A total of 303 elementary and middle school students participated, with a mean age of 10.87±2.68 years, all regularly enrolled in public educational institutions. The analysis was carried out using a food recall questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Spearman correlation among macronutrients. Results and Discussion: An excessive intake of carbohydrates (51.8%) and sugars/fats (59.7%) was observed, as well as an inadequate intake of fiber in 77.2% of the sample. A significant difference between sexes in fiber intake (p=0.012) was noted, with lower consumption among females. The correlation between protein and fiber intake was positive (r=0.714), as was the correlation between sugar and fiber intake (r=0.805). Research Implications: The results highlight the need for nutritional intervention strategies targeting schools, focusing on healthy and appropriate eating habits. Originality/Value: This study contributes by highlighting concerning dietary patterns in childhood and adolescence, as well as important relationships among macronutrients, providing support for nutritional education initiatives and public policies.