Analysis of Zika Notifications in Brazil Between 2016 and 2023

Objective: To describe the geographical and temporal distribution of Zika cases in Brazil according to Federative Unit. Theoretical Framework: The emergence of the Zika virus in Brazil highlights the environmental, social, and biological factors that influenced its spread, with emphasis on population vulnerability and control strategies. Studies point to the importance of integrated and continuous actions in epidemiological surveillance and sanitary infrastructure. Method: Ecological study of the reported Zika cases between 2016 and 2023 in Brazil, according to Federative Unit and regions. Data were obtained from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) via Tabnet of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results and Discussion: The region with the highest number of reported cases was the Southeast, with 75,609 records (43.57% of the total), followed by the Northeast with 50,698 (29.22%), and the South region with the smallest proportion, 364 cases (0.21%). The states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Mato Grosso had the highest percentages of Zika case notifications during the period. Research Implications: This study contributes to the literature by integrating a temporal and spatial analysis of Zika notifications in Brazil through an innovative ecological approach. It stands out for its regionalized evaluation and critical discussion of socio-environmental determinants. The findings support more effective public policies and preventive actions against arboviruses. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing an original analysis of the temporal and geographic distribution of Zika cases in Brazil using official data. It stands out for its ecological approach integrated with regional socio-environmental factors. Its findings strengthen public strategies for arbovirus surveillance and control.