Assessment of Lead Concentrations on Germination and Seedling Growth of Triticum aestivum var ORS Senna

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different lead concentrations on seed germination and the development of wheat seedlings. Theoretical Framework: The study of seed germination and seedling growth of wheat in soils contaminated with lead encompasses environmental, economic, and social factors, making it particularly relevant in regions where the presence of heavy metals compromises agricultural sustainability. Method: A randomized experimental design was used with four repetitions. Wheat seeds were divided into four batches with eight repetitions of 50 seeds each, and each repetition was sown on a germination paper substrate (Germitest®) previously moistened with distilled water in a volume equivalent to 2.5 times the weight of the paper. The water used for soaking the four batches was supplemented with different concentrations of lead acetate, resulting in final lead concentrations of 0.0, 200.0, 400.0, and 600.0 mg L-1, generating four different treatments. The paper rolls were kept in germination chambers at a constant temperature of 25 ± 2 ºC and a constant photoperiod of 24 hours. Growth assessment was conducted on the fourth and eighth days after sowing by counting the normal and abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, primary root and shoot length. An analysis of variance (F-test at 5%) with quadratic regression (2nd degree) was employed to analyze the variables. Results and Discussion: Lead reduced the viability of wheat seeds, affecting variables such as germination rate, hard or dead seeds, root and shoot length. Research Implications: The results underscore the necessity for rigorous monitoring and effective management of lead levels in agricultural soils, particularly in regions prone to heavy metal accumulation from anthropogenic sources. Originality/Value: Data regarding the lead effects on the germination of cultivated plants remain scarce and inconclusive. It is still necessary to elucidate various metabolic aspects of this interaction, which justifies the use of these plants and metal concentrations to deepen the existing knowledge on the subject.