Crystallization challenges in hydrometallurgy

Crystallization and precipitation processes are of key relevance in extractive metallurgy. In battery recycling eutectic freeze crystallization has recently emerged as an energy saving alternative to evaporative crystallization. Crystallization of Ni, Co, and Mn sulphate salts of high purity can be obtained by this technology. Antisolvent crystallization can also provide interesting advantaged within extractive metallurgy. In particular the crystallization of rare earth salts has shown promising results. This work will highlight challenges and opportunities connected to these 2 unit operations.