Liquid Crystal Monomers: Global Indoor Air Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), critical components of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) found in everyday electronic devices, have recently been identified as emerging indoor air contaminants.Due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity, LCMs pose a potential risk to human health, especially as people spend significant time indoors.This review synthesizes findings from global studies on the occurrence, concentration levels, exposure routes, and potential health impacts of LCMs.Results reveal widespread presence of LCMs indoors, with dust ingestion and dermal absorption identified as major exposure pathways, particularly affecting infants and children.Experimental studies suggest that LCMs may cause cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and other adverse effects, although conclusive human health impacts remain under-researched.The review highlights critical knowledge gaps, stressing the need for further epidemiological studies, standardized methodologies, and enhanced indoor air quality monitoring to better understand and mitigate the risks associated with LCM exposure.