THE SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ENVIRONMENT OF N. F. FEDOROV'S WORLDVIEW FORMATION

The article analyzes the social and philosophical environment of N. F. Fedorov's worldview formation. The author notes that philosopher’s early interests in literature, science and religion became the basis for his subsequent reflections on life, death and the meaning of human existence. Alexander II's reforms inspired the thinker, although he criticized revolutionary radicalism and secularism. Fedorov saw religion and science as important factors in building morality and ethics, and sought to create a more just and humane society where people could live in harmony with nature and with each other. Fedorov's meetings with V. S. Solovyov and L. N. Tolstoy played an important role in the formation of his philosophical views. He interacted with representatives of various philosophical schools, took part in discussions and seminars. Fedorov faced criticism and opposition from various intellectual and religious circles - representatives of traditional Orthodoxy, conservatives, materialists, positivists and Marxists. The diverse discussions in which Fedorov participated helped him to form his position and strengthened his conviction of the need to combine science and religion to achieve the common good.