Study of the spectrum of unsaturated fatty acids in the blood of men with diabetes mellitus in Novosibirsk (ESSE-RF3 in the Novosibirsk region)

Aim . To study the content of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in blood plasma in men from Novosibirsk (ESSERF3 in the Novosibirsk region) with established type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), newly diagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes, as well as to evaluate the associations of various types of FAs with the presence or absence of diabetes and fasting glucose levels. Materials and methods . Within the framework of the multicenter, single-stage epidemiological ESSE-RF3 study in the Novosibirsk region, 1 200 residents of Novosibirsk (600 men, 600 women) aged 35–74 years were examined. The present study included 563 men with an average age of 54.4 ± 11.48 years, comprising: 61 individuals diagnosed with DM2 based on anamnestic data (Group I); 65 men with newly diagnosed diabetes (Group II); 46 men with conditional prediabetes (Group III); and 391 men without diabetes – (Group IV). The levels of unsaturated FAs in blood plasma were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. Results . An increase in omega-3, -6, and -9 FA levels was revealed in Group I compared to Group IV. An increase in the level of oleic acid (p = 0.040) was found in Group II compared to Group IV. The relative chance of DM2 is directly associated with an increase in the levels of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (odds ratio (OR) = 1.030, 95 confidence interval (CI) 1.002–1.058; p = 0.034) and omega-6 gamma-linolenic acid (OR = 1.026, 95 CI 1.001–1.051; p = 0.044). Newly diagnosed diabetes is inversely associated with the level of linoleic acid in blood plasma (OR = 0.545, 95 CI 0.301–0.996; p = 0.048), as well as directly associated with the level of oleic acid (OR = 1.961, 95 CI 1.054–3.648; p = 0.034). Prediabetes is inversely associated with the level of hexadecenoic acid (OR = 0.969, 95 CI 0.943–0.996; p = 0.025). Conclusion . Detection of changes in the profile of unsaturated FAs in blood plasma can be used as an additional prognostic biomarker to identify patients at risk of developing DM.