Implementation of artificial intelligence in civil proceedings: Experience of EU countries

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies makes legal adaptation essential, which is crucial for civil law systems where codified principles require clarity and precision. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the current legal mechanisms that provide the basis for the application of artificial intelligence within the framework of EU civil legislation. The study was conducted using doctrinal and empirical methodology, and reviewed legislative acts, court precedents, and academic discourse on the regulation of artificial intelligence. The study critically analysed the regulatory limits of the use of artificial intelligence in civil court proceedings in EU Member States. Attention was focused on legislative initiatives such as the Artificial Intelligence Act. The study examined the principles of civil law (good faith, proportionality, and legal certainty) integrated into the regulation of artificial intelligence, which helped to determine whether current practices are consistent with fundamental rights and the rule of law. A comparative analysis of the strategies for introducing artificial intelligence in Germany, Estonia, and Spain helped to identify distinct, but complementary approaches. This demonstrated the ability of civil law systems to adapt to the latest technologies. The study also found that, despite great strides, certain problems in the field of legal regulation continue to be unresolved, including the combination of conventional liability models with autonomous decision-making by artificial intelligence and provision of uniform application of rules in different jurisdictions. The study offered practical recommendations for improving the civil law framework for the use of artificial intelligence, which may be useful for legislators, lawyers, and artificial intelligence developers