Entrepreneurial Spirit and Utilization of Technology Affecting Business Resilience of Thai Young Entrepreneurs: Exploring the Mediation Effect of Business Agility and the Moderation Effect of Collectivism

This study investigates the interplay between entrepreneurial spirit (ENS), technology utilization (UOT), and business resilience (BRE) among young Thai entrepreneurs, with a focus on the mediating role of business agility (BAG) and the moderating effect of collectivism (COL). Drawing on Dynamic Capability Theory and Contingency Theory, the research employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze survey data from 337 young entrepreneurs (aged 18–35) operating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. The results demonstrate that both entrepreneurial spirit and technology utilization significantly enhance business resilience through direct and indirect pathways. Specifically, entrepreneurial spirit exhibits a strong positive impact on business agility (β = 0.78, p < 0.05), which subsequently strengthens resilience (β = 0.72, p < 0.05). Similarly, technology utilization significantly boosts agility (β = 0.62, p < 0.05) and resilience (β = 0.38, p < 0.05), with agility serving as a critical mediator. The indirect effects of ENS and UOT on BRE via BAG are also significant (β = 0.56 and β = 0.45, respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore, collectivism moderates the relationship between agility and resilience, amplifying the positive effects of agility in fostering resilience. These findings underscore the importance of fostering entrepreneurial competencies and technological adoption to enhance business agility and resilience, particularly in volatile and uncertain environments. The study highlights the cultural dimension of collectivism as a key factor that strengthens resilience by promoting collaboration and resource-sharing among entrepreneurs. Practical implications include recommendations for entrepreneurs to integrate agile practices and digital tools into their operations, as well as for policymakers to design supportive initiatives that encourage technological adoption and collaborative networks.