The Role of Entrepreneurial Academics, Competence, and Resilience in Enhancing International Entrepreneurial University Performance: Evidence from Indonesian Higher Education

The transformation of higher education institutions into entrepreneurial universities has become a strategic response to globalization, knowledge-based economies, and innovation demands. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of Entrepreneurial Academic (EA) and Entrepreneurial Competence (EC) on International Entrepreneurial University Performance (IEUP), with Entrepreneurial Resilience (ER) as a mediating variable. Utilizing a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), the study analyzed data from 210 academic staff members in Indonesian universities. The findings reveal that both EA and EC significantly influence IEUP, either directly or through ER as a mediator. ER itself plays a crucial role in enhancing institutional performance by strengthening individuals' capacity to adapt, recover, and remain productive in the face of adversity. This study contributes to the theoretical integration of individual-level and institutional-level entrepreneurship and offers practical implications for human resource development and strategic policymaking in higher education. Strengthening entrepreneurial attributes and resilience among faculty is essential for universities seeking global competitiveness and sustainable innovation. Further research is encouraged to explore the role of leadership, policy alignment, and digital capability in supporting entrepreneurial transformation at the institutional level.