Application Studies on Eco-Musuem Theory on the Renewal Design of Pit-type Architecture—A Case Study of the Opera-themed Cultural Park in Baishe Village, Shaanxi Province

Existing research indicates that the renewal and transformation of traditional settlement spaces still face practical shortcomings in cultural preservation, spatial revitalization, and green sustainable development, necessitating the exploration of more systematic and effective renewal strategies. This paper takes the renovation project of the "Opera-themed Cultural Park" in the pit cave dwellings of Baishe Village, Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province, as an empirical case. Based on the concept of Eco-museum and incorporating green building technologies, it systematically examines the renewal approaches for pit-type architecture in terms of cultural preservation and multifunctional spatial utilization. The study employs a combination of literature analysis, field research, and building performance simulation, focusing on the spatial transformation models of pit cave dwellings, the application of green technologies, and their impact on cultural inheritance and environmental adaptability. Additionally, it uses Swire software to conduct quantitative analyses of building carbon emissions, indoor airflow organization, and wind environment. The findings demonstrate that the design preserves the spatial layout and cultural characteristics of pit cave courtyards while significantly improving thermal performance and environmental adaptability through passive energy-saving strategies, Structural Insulated Panel Systems (SIPS) wall technology, and rainwater harvesting systems, meeting green building evaluation standards. This study provides a technical demonstration and innovative ideas for the conservation and adaptive reuse of pit-type architecture, as well as practical pathways and theoretical support for the preservation, revitalization, and green development of traditional settlement spaces in the context of rural revitalization.