Risk Management Model for Mineral Hot Spas Based on Quality, Structural, and HSE System Index

Background & objectives:A key issue in health tourism, particularly in mineral spas, is the high incidence of injuries among users.This study aims to develop a conceptual model for assessing and managing risks associated with hot mineral water pools, focusing on quality, structural, and health, safety, and environmental (HSE) parameters.The research follows a four-step process aligned with standard risk management principles to create this model.Methods: By analyzing Iranian and international standards for mineral spas, along with research reports, 83 critical parameters were identified-16 related to quality, 30 to structural factors, and 37 to HSE.The impact weights of these parameters were determined through a questionnaire and hierarchical analysis.According to these weights, expert opinions, and standard allowable ranges, quantitative and qualitative risk classifications were established across five levels for each parameter.Aggregating these scores provided the overall risk assessment for each pool. Results:The model was applied to evaluate risks in hot mineral water pools across Ardabil province.Water samples from six pools were analyzed, revealing varying risk levels: the Gotor Soei pool scored 81.5 (unacceptable risk), Gavmish Goli spas scored 70.62, Shabel scored 61.88, and Qinarjeh scored 59.1 (all high-risk), while Sabalan (48.23) and Busheli (46.16) were classified as medium-risk Conclusions: The risk levels aligned with forensic records of injuries, validating the model's effectiveness in identifying and managing risks in mineral spas.