The Pathogenesis and Clinical Treatment Progress of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

股骨头坏死(Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head, ONFH)是一种由各种病因导致股骨头局部滋养血管损伤，进而骨质缺血、变性、坏死、骨小梁断裂及股骨头塌陷，发生髋关节功能障碍。近年来此病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势，严重影响患者的生活质量。目前，西医治疗主要以髓芯减压术、植骨术以及关节置换术等手术干预为主，同时辅以抗凝、降脂药物预防激素所致股骨头骨细胞坏死、凋亡，延缓疾病的进展。中医则采用中药内服、针灸推拿以及五联同步疗法等特色疗法，以达到改善股骨头血运、促进骨修复的目的。本文旨在系统梳理中西医治疗股骨头坏死的研究进展，通过深入分析其病因病机，综合探讨中西医各类治疗方法的优势及应用前景。Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a type of hip joint dysfunction caused by various etiologies leading to local damage to the nourishing blood vessels of the femoral head, resulting in bone ischemia, degeneration, necrosis, trabecular fracture, and femoral head collapse. In recent years, the incidence rate of this disease has been increasing year by year, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. At present, Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on surgical interventions such as core decompression, bone grafting, and joint replacement. At the same time, anticoagulants and lipid-lowering drugs are used to prevent steroid induced osteonecrosis and apoptosis of femoral head bone cells, delaying the progression of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine uses traditional Chinese medicine orally, acupuncture and moxibustion and massage, and five linked simultaneous therapy to improve the blood supply of the femoral head and promote bone repair. This article aims to systematically review the research progress of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of femoral head necrosis, and comprehensively explore the advantages and application prospects of various treatment methods of traditional Chinese and Western medicine through in-depth analysis of its etiology and pathogenesis.