Neural Machine Translation and Conveying Cold Perception (Based on Finnish-Russian Translations of Meteorological Texts)

This article presents a systematic description of translation failures resulting from neural machine translation of Finnish-language meteorological media texts (forecasting a cold front and negative temperatures) into Russian. The importance of the topic is determined by the increasing attention of meteorologists to phenomena related to climate change and weather anomalies as well as by the interest of IT specialists in optimizing neural machine translation systems that can significantly accelerate the process of interlingual communication. The key aim of the study is to identify and systematize translation failures that occur when translating Finnish-language meteorological texts about cold weather published in the online version of the newspaper Iltalehti as well as attributes of the cold used in these texts. First, micro-contexts were selected by means of continuous sampling, then the selected meteorological texts were translated using the online service DeepL Translate, and finally, by means of component and contextual analyses, the main types of translation failures were identified and the reasons for their occurrence were described. The study demonstrates that the greatest number of failures when translating verbalizations of the cold include omitting cold sensations, i.e. the seme of the cold that is present in the semantic structure of the Finnish lexeme is not rendered in the Russian translation. Moreover, translation failures can arise from the choice of a lexical unit inadequate to the context or use of proper names and nonce words whose rendering requires finding original translation solutions and typically cannot be realized through neural machine translation. The results of the study can be used to optimize neural machine translation systems as well as to teach translation and post-editing of translations of meteorological media texts.