Relationships between Tsawa's prevalence of chronic kidney disease and water quality indicators

Background AND AIM: This study investigates the correlation between the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and water quality indicators in Tsawa, a city in southern Libya. Given the essential role of water quality in kidney health, this research aims to identify potential environmental risk factors contributing to CKD in the region. Materials and Methods : Twenty-four groundwater samples were collected from various wells across Tsawa. Each sample underwent biochemical analysis to assess total dissolved solids (TDS) levels and microbiological testing for bacterial contamination, specifically Escherichia coli. Additionally, concentrations of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and iron (Fe), were measured. Demographic data were gathered through questionnaires to determine water consumption patterns among residents. Results and Discussion: The findings revealed that 20 out of 24 wells had TDS levels within the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended limits for drinking water. However, one well exhibited a significantly high TDS level, exceeding 1300 mg/L. Microbiological analysis indicated the presence of E. coli in four wells, with low colony counts (3–6 CFU/100mL). Notably, heavy metals were undetectable in all samples. Survey data indicated that approximately 65% of residents consume well water, with 58% drinking 1–2 liters daily. Despite the presence of certain water quality issues, statistical analysis revealed a weak correlation between water quality indicators and CKD prevalence in Tsawa. These results suggest that while water quality may influence kidney health, other factors such as dietary habits, genetic predispositions, and healthcare access might play more significant roles in the development of CKD in this region. Conclusion: while water quality monitoring remains crucial, multifactorial approaches are necessary to comprehensively address CKD prevalence in Tsawa. Further research is recommended to explore other potential environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to CKD in southern Libya.