Construction of a Practical Teaching System for Mechanical Engineering Majors Oriented towards Cultivating Students’ Innovation Capability

在“新工科”建设背景下，实践教学改革是破解创新型人才供给瓶颈的关键。针对当前高校机械类专业存在的实践平台碎片化、产教融合不足及创新能力培养体系不完善等问题，构建了“一二三四五”实践教学体系。该体系以创新能力培养为主线，通过校内外双循环反馈机制，形成三阶能力递进框架，整合四位一体课程体系，搭建基础实践教学、学科竞赛、科研创新、产学研合作、学术交流五维协同平台。实践表明，五维实践平台的资源整合与协同运行机制，能够有效提升学生的创新能力，为机械类专业实践教学改革提供借鉴。Under the background of “New Engineering Education” construction, practical teaching reform is key to addressing the bottleneck in innovative talent supply. A “one two three four five” practical teaching system has been established to address the problems of fragmented practical platforms, insufficient integration of industry and education, and imperfect innovation ability training system in current mechanical majors in universities. The system focuses on cultivating innovative abilities, and through a dual feedback mechanism both inside and outside the school, forms a three-level progressive framework for abilities. It integrates the four in one curriculum system and builds a five dimensional collaborative platform for basic practical teaching, subject competitions, scientific research and innovation, industry university research cooperation, and academic exchange. Practice has shown that the resource integration and collaborative operation mechanism of the Five Dimensional Practice Platform can effectively enhance students’ innovation ability and provide reference for the reform of practical teaching in mechanical majors.