Research Progress of SHP2 Modulator in Anti-Tumor Biological Mechanism

Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11 that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of proteins at the tyrosine site. SHP2 can not only regulate the growth and proliferation of tumor cells but also mediate the immune escape of tumor cells by affecting the tumor microenvironment, which plays a dual biological function in tumor regulation and is a promising tumor therapeutic target. This paper comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the biological functions of SHP2 regulators, introduced the structure and basic mechanism of SHP2 in detail, and deeply discussed the biological functions in the pathological process of tumors. Meanwhile, the research and development status of SHP2 regulators, including small molecule inhibitors and biologics, were analyzed. The research challenges and application prospects of SHP2 modulators in the field of tumor immunotherapy were discussed.