A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Two Distinct Virtual Reality Training Modalities on Gait and Balance in Individuals with Dementia: A Prospective Controlled Study

Objective: To compare the effects of different types of virtual reality training (VRT) given in conjunction with conventional exercises on the spatiotemporal parameters (STP) of gait and balance in individuals with dementia. Material and Methods: This study was designed as a nonrandomized controlled study. Thirty participants were divided into VRT1 (Xbox 360 Kinect®+exercise), VRT2 (ALDA Balance Gear®+exercise), and control groups (exercise only). All 3 groups underwent training on a biweekly basis for a period of 6 weeks. The study employed the BTS G-Walk® to evaluate the STP of the gait, while the Berg Balance Scale and the Time Up and Go Test were utilized to assess the participant's balance. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups following the intervention (p>0.05). Significant intragroup improvements were observed in gait speed, and gait cycle time in both VRT1 and VRT2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Moreover, different VRTs were not statistically superior to each other in individuals with dementia. Considering our findings, although there were small differences between the virtual reality groups, it was found that there were positive within-group improvements on speed and gait cycle duration in both virtual reality groups. In this context, VRT can be considered clinically useful in improving gait in individuals with dementia. However, long-term and comprehensive studies are needed to determine the effects of VRT on gait and balance in this patient group.