Comparative Appraisal of Resilient Energy Supply Systems and Development of a Resilient Model for Pakistan

The energy availability at all occupied times of the buildings poses a challenge in most developing countries. However, it is readily available to the different sectors in the advanced world. This robust and resilient energy supply system needs to be investigated. In this research, resilience in energy supply of the UK, USA & Europe is explored and how they have achieved this. Further, the resilience in the energy supply of Pakistan is discussed to highlight its shortcomings, and some solutions are proposed, based on the in-depth analysis of past, present and future supply chains-highlights on circular debt. The 4 A’s of broader resilience sense, encapsulating availability, accessibility, acceptability and affordability, are explained. The threats and challenges of this system are overcome by providing a conceptual transition model against the conventional supply streams. The energy supply and demand, along with plans to achieve sustainability, are also studied. The vulnerable energy system exhibits the presence of real and running faults, which can be a warning for the proper performance of the system. Energy supply must ensure two factors, referring to accessibility, dependability, and economic stability. The research has produced an ‘Orbital Model’ of energy resilience for Pakistan. The resilient path should be decreasing reliance on foreign energy, a variety of supply, enhanced efficiencies, appropriate back-ups, renewable heat initiatives (RHI) tactics, good management, decarbonization, localised production and green energy exploitation, are few measures which can bring Pakistan close to have a low carbon resilient energy supply system.