Research Status of Smart Grid

As a core enabler of digital transformation in energy systems, smart grids have achieved significant progress in renewable energy integration and multi-energy synergy optimization in recent years. This study systematically reviews the conceptual framework, critical technologies, and developmental trajectories of smart grids by synthesizing domestic and international research achievements over the past 15 years. The analysis spans multiple dimensions, including intelligent sensing, communication networks, and standardization frameworks. Findings indicate that China has established distinctive strengths in demonstration projects and engineering applications, while European and American countries retain leadership in architectural design and market mechanism innovation. Future advancements must prioritize breakthroughs in key technical challenges such as multi-energy complementarity coordination, cybersecurity safeguards, and cross-regional dispatch capabilities.