Exosome-based Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease: Comprehensive Analysis of Current Developments and Future Directions

Given that exosomes may carry bioactive chemicals, facilitate cell communication, and stimulate tissue regeneration, they are becoming more and more popular as a potential therapy option for cardiovascular disease (CVD). With an emphasis on their separation, characterization, and therapeutic uses in illnesses including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, this review attempts to provide a thorough overview of recent advancements in exosome-based therapeutics for CVD. Using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature from 2015 to 2024 was carried out using keywords such as “exosome-based therapeutics,” “cardiovascular disease,” and “myocardial infarction.” Exosome separation, cargo identification, and therapeutic promise in preclinical and clinical settings were the main criteria used to choose the studies. The review summarizes the main conclusions and talks about the difficulties in clinical translation as well as the mechanisms of exosome-mediated effects such as microRNA and protein transfer. To maximize the therapeutic effectiveness of exosome-based therapeutics in CVD, it also identifies future approaches for these treatments, addressing the need for better targeting, scalable manufacturing, and regulatory standardization.