Bacterial pattern of lower respiratory diseases in horses

ABSTRACT: Bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract in horses are often caused by multiple etiological agents. Transtracheal aspirate followed by bacterial culture is crucial for diagnosing bacterial causes of these infections. This retrospective study investigated bacterial cultures from transtracheal aspirates of 40 horses with lower respiratory diseases admitted to the Large Animal Hospital at FMVZ-Unesp, Botucatu/SP. Medical records of these horses were reviewed, and transtracheal aspirates were cultured and tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. Of the 40 cultures, 27 were mono-infections, and 13 were mixed infections. The most commonly isolated bacteria in monoinfections were Streptococcus equi (37%), Rhodococcus equi (26%), and α-hemolytic streptococci (11%). Escherichia coli was the predominant in mixed infections (69%). No strictly anaerobic bacteria were isolated. The most effective antimicrobials were azithromycin (92%), ceftiofur (72%), and gentamicin (72%), while higher resistance of isolates was noted for penicillin G (53%) and ampicillin (50%). Additionally, 36% of isolates were multidrug-resistant. This study underscores the diverse bacterial etiology and presence of multidrug-resistant isolates in lower respiratory infections in horses.