Awareness of degradation and attitudes towards conservation of river basin resources: a comparative analysis of the Kilombero and Simiyu rivers in Tanzania

This study assessed how pro-environmental behavior related to the use of river basin resources is influenced by people’s awareness of degradation through controlling economic and demographic factors. The survey covered 783 respondents who resided in Kilombero and Simiyu river basins in Tanzania. A Logit regression model was used in the analysis. While awareness influenced conservation behavior, its effect differed between the two areas. This suggests awareness is not always enough to drive positive conservation behavior. Economic factors play a positive role on conversation. People involved in multiple economic activities are more likely to be environmentally conscious compared to those with limited options. This suggests that dependence on a single resource, often the case for rural populations, might limit conservation efforts. The study also found a negative association between gender and conservation behavior. However, these findings do not necessarily mean that women are naturally less inclined to conserve but are restricted by cultural practices that limit them to specific activities. The research highlights the need for community projects that address the needs of diverse populations and provide alternative income sources. This, combined with incentives for sustainable practices, could encourage better conservation behavior.