Considerations for Care of the Cancer Patient

Advancements in cancer therapies and surgical techniques have contributed to a 33% decline in cancer mortality since 1991. Even though the annual rate continues to decline by 2% from 2016 to 2020, this is offset by the rising incidence of breast, prostate, and uterine cancers, which also have a significant racial disparity in mortality. Increasing number of patients will be diagnosed with cancer and present for surgery as a first-line therapy.1,2 Hence, the anesthesiologist is compelled to have a better understanding of the cancer patient presenting for surgery. The cancer patient has unique medical and ethical issues that challenge the anesthesiologist. The preoperative evaluation aims to better comprehend the numerous medical complexities surrounding the cancer patient. A comprehensive preoperative evaluation prepares the patient for surgery and provides awareness of potential risks and complications encountered in the perioperative period. The purpose is to pinpoint possible undiagnosed or latent conditions, identify procedure-related risks, and appreciate the patient’s condition for optimal management and improved perioperative outcomes.