Prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Background Reports have confirmed that acute kidney damage (AKI) has a detrimental impact on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and it has been commonly described in COVID-19 patients. In this research, we aimed to determine how often AKI is among COVID-19 patients, what characteristics put them at risk, and what effects it has on their health. Patients and methods This prospective cross-sectional research involved 480 diseased people diagnosed with COVID-19. They were divided into two categories: those with AKI and those without, based on how the condition progressed. Results One hundred ninety-six patients developed AKI, with an incidence rate of 40.83%. The incidence of diabetes and high blood pressure increased in the AKI group. Patients with AKI had lower Glasgow coma scale, lower blood pressure measurements, higher heart and respiratory rates, and decreased urine output. In addition, fever was more common in the same group. AKI patients tended to have lower hemoglobin as well as higher platelets, hepatic transaminases, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer levels. pH and HCO 3 tended to decrease in association with AKI, while serum urea and creatinine increased. Disease severity demonstrated a significant increase in the AKI group. Also, the duration of hospitalization, requiring mechanical ventilation, and death increased in the AKI group. Conclusion AKI is a widespread consequence among people with COVID-19, with multiple and variable risk factors. Patients with various risk factors need to have continuous surveillance to facilitate a quick diagnosis and management of AKI to prevent its dreadful morbidity and mortality.