Nerve injury: the role of electroneuromyography and ultrasound in diagnostics

The review is devoted to the classification, recovery mechanisms, electroneuromyographic and ultrasound diagnostics of nerve injury. In particular, the article is devoted to the parameters of sensory and motor conduction, needle electromyography, ultrasound examination of the degree of nerve damage, prognosis of restoration of nerve function and tactics of treatment of nerve injury. The mechanisms of muscle function recovery in case of nerve injury may include remyelination, axonal sprouting, axon growth from the site of injury and muscle hypertrophy. Muscle strength recovery usually takes 18–24 months after nerve injury. When diagnosing a nerve injury by the neurotmesis type, the patient should be immediately referred to a surgeon for surgery and rapid muscle reinnervation.