Wild Horse Based Controllers to Enhance the Load Frequency Control System with Wind Penetration

The frequency control of power grids is increasingly challenged by the integration of power electronics devices and renewable energy resources. This trend has heightened the need for Load Frequency Control (LFC) to an unprecedented level. Unlike conventional LFC methods that struggle with modern dynamic conditions, advanced optimization and control strategies are increasingly essential. This paper examines the performance of a single-area LFC system by integrating the Wild Horse Optimization (WHO) technique with Proportional-Integral (PI) and Fractional-order-Proportional-Integral (FOPI) controllers. The study evaluates the system's response under various disturbances. Without wind disturbance, the WHO method outperformed conventional approaches in the PI-based system. With the FOPI controller applied, overshoot further decreased by 46.8% relative to the PI-based system. Under wind disturbances, WHO continued to outperform existing techniques. Overall, the FOPI controller demonstrated superior stability in terms of overshoot and settling time when subjected to dynamic power disturbances, compared to the PI-based system.