High Voltage DC Transmission Within Interconnected Systems: Review of Standards and Models for Planning Studies

The advancements in converter technology and the economic and renewable energy benefits are making High Voltage DC transmission a desirable transmission expansion solution even within a synchronous interconnected system. This would lead to co-existence of DC and AC lines in parallel within an interconnected system. This calls for new standards and codes for operation and appropriate models to support system planning studies. This short review papers focuses on the recent developments in this regard and presents potential avenues for innovation to support High Voltage DC transmission.