Vehicle-to-Grid Technology as a Means of Equalizing Load Curves for Business Centers in the Moscow Power System

The study entailed an analysis of vehicle-to-grid technology (bidirectional electric power flow between the vehicle and the grid) with an eye to utilize it in the Moscow power system for load balancing. Based on the results of an overview of the current load state, types of batteries, and the way this technology operates, calculations have been performed for different methods of installing charging stations in the indoor, underground parking lot of a typical Moscow business center. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the concept of bidirectional use of electric vehicles, which implies connecting the vehicle to the General Electric grid to recharge it with the ability to provide electricity to participate in load schedule management. A comparative analysis of the calculations performed allowed us to choose the most economically practical way of installing charging stations to equalize the load schedule, i.e., reducing the daytime maximum and boosting the nighttime downtime due to the electric vehicle discharging and charging cycle, respectively.