Design and Implementation of a Bandgap Voltage Reference-1.8V and a Low Drop-Out Circuit Using 180nm BiCMOS Technology

A bandgap reference (BGR) and low dropout regulator (LDO) circuits are fundamental components in various electronic systems, providing precise voltage regulation and stability. BGR circuits generate a temperature-independent reference voltage; meanwhile, LDO regulators give a steady output voltage regardless of input voltage variations. Such circuits are important in applications with a stable and consistent output voltage for reliable operations. This paper proposes a BGR followed by LDO circuit using 180 nm CMOS process technology on Cadence and provides a reference voltage of 1.8 V over a temperature range of −40°C to 125 °C. The circuit uses an input DC voltage of 1.8 V with a measured temperature coefficient (TC) of 13.54 ppm/<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">○</sup>C. The voltage only differs by 12 mV over the entire temperature range, demonstrating excellent stability. The circuit is also characterized by low power consumption, making it suitable for portable or battery-powered devices.