Analysis of Ocean Wave Energy-Driven Desalination Methods for Sustainable Water Production

This paper investigates the potential of wave energy to drive a desalination system (DS) for sustainable water production, addressing the increasing need for innovative solutions to global water scarcity. Initially, simulation studies are carried out utilizing the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's oscillating surge wave energy converter (OSWEC) model to generate the high-pressure flow required for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination to explore the effects of varying the number of parallel membranes, piston areas, and ocean states on permeate flow and water salinity. This fundamental work provides critical insights into optimizing DS performance and was used to create an ocean wave energy-driven electrical desalination plant that uses a floating buoy and spar paired with a slider crank mechanism to convert wave energy into electrical power. The system is equipped with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm, which drives a rotary positive displacement pump to enhance RO efficiency. Six ocean states are chosen to mimic various deployment situations along the USA West Coast, resulting in a maximum permeate flow rate (PFR) ranging from 155 to 225 gallons per minute. This study advances renewable energy applications for desalination, offering eco-friendly solutions to water scarcity while aligning with global sustainable development goals.