Real-Time Inertia Estimation and Validation Using PMU Data and the Swing Equation in Power Systems

This paper presents a method to estimate power system inertia in real-time using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data and the swing equation. Inertia is essential for maintaining power system stability during disturbances. The method calculates both electrical and mechanical power from PMU data and uses this information to estimate inertia by using Matlab. Then it validates the results by comparing calculated values with real measurements of the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). Further validation is performed using data from a real-world generation trip event. The outcomes show that the proposed method is accurate, with minimal error, making it suitable for real-time applications.