Optimization Techniques in Electronics: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Optimization techniques support the solutions of contemporary electronic challenges by managing resources while improving energy conservation and boosting performance together with scalability capabilities. The rapid technological progress of Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) together with Internet of Things (IoT) and computer networks and signal processing and communication systems requires improved optimization techniques. Research focuses on few selected studies from 2023 to 2025 to conduct an extensive review of optimization methods used in these technological fields. The review groups selected studies according to their application sectors and their methodologies as well as their findings while noting important advantages and constraints along with practical results. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing optimization strategies, identifying their strengths and limitations to guide future advancements. The review discusses future optimization directions based on the study of emerging trends which include AI optimization principles and quantum computing capabilities and multi-objective optimization approaches. Research has identified major gaps in scalability and computational complexity along with the need for real-world testing and energy efficiency studies for electronic system optimization. Future work recommendations target these gaps to improve electronic system optimization.