Enhanced Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System Using Microstrip Patch Antenna

Breast cancer continues to be a major worldwide health issue, highlighting the need for creative ways to improve early detection and care. In this study, we utilize a microstrip patch antenna developed for 2.4 GHz with a bandwidth of [1.0 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{GHz}-3.6 \text{GHz}$</tex>] and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$[4.19 \text{GHz}-5.63 \text{GHz}$</tex>] that covers the ISM band [2.45 GHz], L band [1 GHz-2 GHz], <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$S$</tex> band [<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2 \text{GHz}-4$</tex> GHz], and C band [<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4 \text{GHz-8} \text{GHz}$</tex>] to offer a unique approach for breast cancer detection. Through simulations conducted in HFSS software, we design and optimize the antenna with dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$45 \text{mm} \times 24 \text{mm} \times 0.5 \text{mm}$</tex>, aiming to achieve optimal performance in detecting breast abnormalities. Additionally, we develop a breast phantom model in HFSS, simulating scenarios with and without tumors, to assess the antenna's effectiveness in identifying malignant tissue. Comprehensive analysis of return loss characteristics is conducted to evaluate the antenna's sensitivity and specificity in detecting cancerous lesions. The findings from this study hold promise for advancing non-invasive breast cancer detection techniques, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcome.