Optimizing IoT Network Longevity Through Super Node Integration and Multi-Hop LEACH Protocol

This paper proposes an optimized Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol for IoT networks that maintains integration of the super node with multi-hop routing to enhance the longevity and efficiency of the network. Our designed model involves a subset of nodes such as super nodes having significantly more energy reserves than other nodes in the LEACH protocols. Involving multi-hop communications in the protocol will reduce the consumption of energy at the individual nodal level and improve the efficiency of data transmission. Our results show dramatic improvement in the life span of the network. It was noticed that the first node death occurs 29% later than the traditional LEACH setups. Moreover, this design enhances the total operational life span of the network by 269%, which reflects the paramount interest of implementing super nodes and multi-hop strategies. But these improvements come with a cost; namely, with an increase of 227%, on average, more energy is consumed per round. Results These results show strong trade-offs between the lifetime of the extended network and energy consumption, and a significant improvement over the baseline protocol.