IoT-Driven Intelligent Waste Management System with Disinfectant Spray

The rapid increase in urban waste generation demands innovative solutions to improve public health and operational efficiency. This paper presents an IoT-driven intelligent waste management system that integrates real-time monitoring, dynamic route optimization, and automated disinfectant mechanisms. Smart bins equipped with ultrasonic, gas, rain, and infrared sensors transmit data via ESP8266 Wi-Fi/GSM modules to a cloud platform (ThingSpeak), enabling anomaly detection and route optimization using a modified Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) algorithm. A solenoid-based disinfectant system reduces bacterial load by 98% (verified through lab testing [5]), while the TSP algorithm reduces collection time by 40% and fuel consumption by 30% compared to traditional methods [4]. A three-level dashboard (admin, collector, user) provides actionable insights through a mobile app. Deployed in a 1 km<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> testbed with 10 bins, the system demonstrates scalability and cost-effectiveness. Future work includes integrating machine learning for predictive analytics and automated waste segregation. This solution aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 and 13 [1], promoting cleaner cities and climate action.