Design and Analysis of C, X, and Ku Band Antenna Integration for Enhanced V2V and V2I Communication

This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a wideband multiresonant antenna operating across the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{X}$</tex>, and Ku bands, tailored for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication in electric vehicles. Constructed using Rogers RO4350 material with a relative permittivity of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{3. 6 6}$</tex>, the proposed antenna resonates at 3.0 GHz, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\operatorname{l.}^{57} \text{GHz}, 4.84 \text{GHz}, 7.82 \text{GHz}, 10.3 \text{GHz}, 14.4 \text{GHz}$</tex>, 16.57 GHz, and 17.42 GHz, achieving an overall gain of 9.12 dB. This design supports key applications in satellite communication, radar, and 5G systems, meeting the data exchange demands of V2V and V2I communication crucial to autonomous and connected vehicle networks. Emphasizing wide bandwidth, effective impedance matching, and ease of integration, this work highlights the multiband potential of broadband antennas in advancing EV communication systems, providing foundational insights for future V2X technology developments.