Orbital Angular Momentum-Enabled Free Space Optics Transmission: Impact of Indian Weather Conditions

Free Space Optics (FSO) is a latest technology that has the ability for long-range data transmission. The range of transmission can be further be augmented via Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) multiplexing. We examine the performance of an OAM-enabled FSO system for the effect of diverse Indian air conditions. Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams are used as the OAM carriers in the proposed study. Four types of OAM modes, (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{LG}_{\mathbf{0.0}},\boldsymbol{LG}_{\mathbf{0,16}}, \boldsymbol{LG}_{\mathbf{0,32}}$</tex>, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{LG}_{\mathbf{0,64}}$</tex>), are parallel transmit data at a rate of 10 Gbps, resulting in a total transmission rate of 40 Gbps. We have utilized Bit Error Rate (BER), Q-factor, and eye diagrams as principal performance measures. The transmission is examined in four Indian cities-Chennai, Chandigarh, Jodhpur, and Srinagar-each having a distinct weather conditions. The demonstrated analysis reveals that range of information transmission are adversely affected by adverse weather condition, with highest ranges recorded as s: Chennai − 8 km, Jodhpur − 5.5 km, Chandigarh − 4.2 km, and Srinagar − 3.8 km. These differences are attributed to regional atmospheric conditions such as rain, drizzle, and haze, which can lead to compromising the effectiveness of the FSO link.