IoT for Sustainable Development: Enhancing Environmental Efficiency and Resource Optimization

Internet of Things (IoT) has recently become an innovative technology in the computing system that is expected to play a great role in achieving sustainable computing by conserving resources while minimizing the impact of the environment and increasing energy efficiency in different sectors. This survey focuses on IoT and sustainability, and presents important technologies, applications, and issues that define this rapidly developing domain. This paper explores Smart Cities, Smart Agriculture, Green Data Centers, and Environmental Monitoring that is supported by IoT devices and their ability to enhance the utilization of energy through the use of low energy sensing and communication. The survey also discusses the limitations of energy usage, expansiveness, security, and compatibility that make IoT green solutions difficult to adopt. In addition, it examines the future directions such as the integration of AI and IoT, development of edge computing, the use of blockchain for green IoT, and the application of quantum computing in addressing the energy problems. In conclusion, the paper presents the call for more interdisciplinary research and cooperation between the academia, the industry and governments towards the creation of a more sustainable IoT environment.