Optimization of Hybrid Tunable Leaf-Shaped Optical Nano Antenna

The growing demand for high-performance nano-antennas in communication systems and sensing technologies has highlighted the need for efficient designs in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. This work focuses on the optimization of a hybrid tunable optical nano-antenna, featuring a Peepal leaf-shaped microstrip patch designed for THz applications. The unique leaf shape enhances resonance and electromagnetic field confinement, improving the antenna’s directivity and radiation efficiency. The key challenge addressed is achieving a balance between high directivity and tunability while minimizing losses. By incorporating hybrid plasmonic waveguide technology, the antenna achieves tunability across a wide frequency range, offering flexibility for various applications. Through simulation and analysis, the work evaluates the impact of varying geometrical parameters such as leaf length, width, and curvature on the antenna’s performance. The optimized design delivers improved directivity and radiation patterns, making it suitable for THz communication systems and optical sensing applications. The results demonstrate significant advancements in tunable nano-antenna design.