Efficient Real-Time Water Distribution Network using Internet of Things (IoT)

In both rural and urban settings, inadequate distribution systems and water scarcity present major problems. For instance, there exists a significant problem with inconsistency of water arrival time that the residents of a locality are unaware of; this inconsistency is observed due to manual monitoring by water distributors. As there is a manual monitoring system, a leak in the pipe cannot be sensed instantly which allows for a lot of wastage as water continues to flow. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Water Distribution Network (EWDN)which integrates Arduino UNO, water level sensors, relay modules, and Real-Time clocks (RTC) in order to automate the process -divide it, store the water in form of containers, detect leakage in pipelines, and provide water supply at scheduled time intervals. It notifies residents two days ahead about the expected arrival time of water through SMS, and two hours before water supply. It automatically operates the water pump to release water for a set time. In the event a leak is detected, it immediately switches off the pump and sends out an SMS alert to the water distributor and residents, reducing further water wastage. It reduces the manual effort, provides efficient water management by minimizing the wastage of water and ensures optimal delivery of the water. The experimental results show that the proposed system is effective in enhancing water management and safety by minimizing operational inefficiencies and can be used for smart city applications.