Survey on Metamaterial SRR Absorber Structures for IoT Applications

The evolution of IoT devices is increasingly driven by the need for autonomy through self-powering systems, presenting significant technical challenges. As demand for independent IoT solutions grows, innovative energy-harvesting systems are essential for enabling devices to function without traditional power sources. These systems capture ambient energy from sources like solar, thermal, vibration, or electromagnetic waves, addressing sustainability concerns and supporting the development of energy-efficient IoT ecosystems in resource-constrained environments. Split Ring Resonator based Metamaterial perfect absorbers (MPAs) have gained attention for their ability to achieve complete electromagnetic wave absorption within subwavelength structures. This paper reviews recent advancements in the theory, design and characterization of metamaterial absorbers.