IoT-Enabled Intelligent System for Helmet Detection and Automated Penalty Enforcement using AI & ML

The increasing number of road accidents due to non-compliance with helmet regulations highlights the need for intelligent systems to enhance rider safety. This paper presents an IoT-enabled system that utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to detect riders without helmets and enforce penalties automatically. The system integrates a Raspberry Pi with a camera module to capture real-time images of motorcyclists at traffic signals. AI-powered object detection models, such as YOLOv5, determine helmet usage, while Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques extract license plate details for violators. The system transmits violation data to a centralized server via IoT communication protocols, where an automated penalty system processes the information and notifies the rider through SMS or email. By automating helmet detection and penalty enforcement, this system enhances road safety, reduces manual intervention, and ensures adherence to traffic regulations.