Real-Time Personnel Localization and Health Monitoring System for Emergency Evacuations in Underground Mining Operations

Underground mining poses serious threats to miners in the form of cave-ins, explosions, fire, and poisonous gas exposure. Traditional localization techniques tend to fail under such extreme environments, and emergency response is delayed. This paper introduces an indoor real-time localization system that improves miner safety through the combination of an ADXL345 accelerometer, heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen (SpO2) sensors, and iBeacon technology. The system repeatedly tracks miner mobility and vital parameters to identify distress and initiate interventions at the appropriate time. An individual identification number (UID) is assigned to every worker that is saved on the controller to track them specifically. Location, UID, and health information is sent through a GSM module to a central controller system for immediate monitoring. Experimental results show better localization accuracy and quicker emergency response time, making this system a safe and efficient solution for underground mine safety improvement and evacuation optimization.