Review of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm: NIST Requirement and Practical Implementation

The technological development has increased the requirement for robust security measures to protect the information. Many new security concerns arise as a result of the transition from high-end devices, like desktop computers, servers, and laptops, to smaller devices with limited resources. A number of these devices, such as smart cards, RFID tags, and wireless sensors, require secure ways of storing, accessing, and transmitting vital data. The primary objective of lightweight cryptography is to provide cryptographic algorithms that are tailored for these kinds of limited environments. This paper discusses the principles of lightweight cryptography, the requirements set forth by NIST for these algorithms, and their practical implementations on platforms like FPGAs.