Design and Implementation of an IoT-based Emergency Alert and GPS Tracking System using MQTT and GSM/GPS Module

An optimally optimized emergency response system can prove to be lifesaving by reducing response time during the state of emergency. This paper proposes an IoT-based emergency alert and GPS tracking system implemented on an ESP32 microcontroller and an A9G GSM/GPS module. The system has a continuous log of user position and device battery level and pushes data in intervals through MQTT to the Adafruit IO platform for remote monitoring. To achieve best battery life, the A9G module goes into low power mode in idle mode but keeps GPS monitoring running. One more feature highlighted is the SOS button, which makes an emergency call by sending the user's location as an SMS and calling a pre-configured contact number. The system also maintains data integrity with automatic reconnect of MQTT broker when it loses connection. Low power and battery portable, the system is applicable in personal protection, home health care for elderly, outdoor adventure, and remote area surveillance. The article explains hardware design, software process, MQTT-based data communication, and testing of the performance of the system based on precision, network, and response to emergencies. The results verify reliability and cost saving of the system in real-time monitoring and reporting of emergencies. With its energy-saving and usability design, it helps in the development of IoT-backed safety solutions for real-time tracking and emergency response in case of a need.