Thermal and Electrical Performance of LiFePO4 Batteries under Standard Charging Conditions

LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their superior thermal stability, long cycle life, and high safety. However, their thermal and electrical performance under standard charging conditions significantly impacts overall efficiency, reliability, and longevity. This study investigates the thermal behavior and electrical characteristics of LFP batteries during charging, focusing on temperature variations, internal resistance changes, and energy efficiency. The research examines the impact of different charging methods, particularly the widely adopted Constant Current-Constant Voltage (CC-CV) technique, on heat generation and electrical losses. Key performance indicators such as voltage stability, charge acceptance, and internal resistance fluctuations are analyzed to assess their role in battery health and operational efficiency. Furthermore, thermal management approaches, including passive cooling, active cooling, and phase change materials (PCMs), are reviewed to address the challenges of heat dissipation. The findings provide insights into optimizing battery performance and longevity through improved charging strategies and advanced thermal management systems. Understanding these factors is crucial for enhancing the energy efficiency and reliability of EV battery systems. Future research should focus on integrating adaptive charging algorithms and intelligent thermal control systems to further improve battery safety and performance.